of seattle



Patented Mar. 18, 1930 UNITED STATES I. F. LA'UCKS, INC., (ll-SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, A

CORPORATION OF WASHINGTON CONSTRUCTION UNIT or wooD rams BOUND BY vacuums-momm ADmssIvns No Drawing. Original application filed October 29, 1928, Serial No. 671,381. Intent No. 1,689,732,

Divided and this application filed November 2,

' This invention relates to a new article manufacture, and more particularly a veneer constructlon umt involving wood plies bound by a vegetable protein adhesive.

The art of making a water-proof glue from certain protein materials has'been known for some time; thus caseln'and blood albumin are in common use. These last mentioned compounds, however, have a number of disadvantages from a practical standpoint. Casein f taining proteins,

and lack of uniformity in-the material as derived fromvarious sources isa serious detriment; while blood albumin is not available except in certain situations. There is accordingly a great demand, particularly in the veneer industry where large quantities of glue are consumed, glue that will be cheap and at the sufficiently water-proof.

By water-proof, in this connection, it is not meant that glues 'sist the action of water indefinitely, but it is meant that they are water-proof in the sense in which the term is used inthe veneer industry, viz, that a panel can be soaked in cold water for from seventy-two to one hundred hours, or in boiling water for eight hours, without so aration.

Vegetab e compounds have not, so far as we are'aware, been heretofore satisfactorily employed as a basis for water-proof glues of the type in question. It is true that some veneer makers,-'on account of the hi h price is costly same time of casein, have come to use starch g ues but these, at least'as heretofore made, arelnot at all water-proof, and vegetable proteins have not heretofore been used at all, so far as we are aware.

-We have 'nowdiscovered, however, that by subjecting the same to proper treatment, such vegetable proteins can be converted into a water-proof glue that will satisfy the rigid requirements of veneer or plywood making. The requisite raw material mayl from a number of sources and 't e treatment of such material is relatively pressing 'plantso at as a result we are able for a new thus characterized will re- 1 approximately 10 per or vegetable matter conbe derivedsimple and in-' expensive not rett iliiring an elaborate hot- 1927. Serial No. 280,686.

lower cost than has heretoforebeen possible.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention, then, consists 'of the features of combination hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, it being understood that such constitute but several of the various ways in whizh'the principle of the invention maybe use I We have found that soya bean flour constitutes an admirable raw material for our purpose. Such flour is preferably made by grinding soya will pass a 100 mesh screen and when treated with certain chemicals, or other substances, we make therefrom a very satisfactory glue that meets the requirements of the veneer trade fully and is in many respects better than the usual glues ow on the market. Such bean cake, as analyzed by us, is found to contain on the average 45 per cent protein, 12 per cent water, 5 per e nt cellulose or crude fiber, 7 per cent oil, 6- per cent ash, and 25 per cent carbohydrates.= I

We do not, however,'wish to limit ourselves to soya bean flour or to vegetable protein derived from this source for we'have bean cake so that 80 per cent made satisfactory glue by, our improved a process from a low grade wheat containing cent. protein, and there are many other vegetable materials containing protein. in amounts intermediate between the percentages thus noted as found in such soya bean flour and wheat or even lower than the percentage in such wheat that may be utilized with satisfactory results; that is, soya bean flour gives the'best results, but other sources of vegetable protein-containing material may be employed with proportionately advantageous results. 7

Where employing'a le one or vegetable seed flour we have an advantage not only in the protein content but also any gummy or otherconstituents. Besides, expensiveseparations necessag.

. Soya ean flour made from soya bean cake from which the oilhas been expressed, is preferably used 'in'practioe because it is akesa better glue,

and purifications are then not cheaper and m but flour equivalents of caustic soda are salts of soda (or potash) with weak acids, e. g. sodium phosphate, sodium borate and the like. Similarly in place of lime, magnesia, baryta and strontia may be used as equivalents.

In order to improve the workin properties, e. g, the spreading and flow, o the glue produced as aforesaid as well as the water resisting properties, we have found it desirable to add other substances of which the following are examples Carbon bisulfide, calcium polysulfide.

Equivalents wouldbe other sulfur eomlpqunds ring of like properties or constitution whic about or impart water-resisting properties, these being more particularly sulphur-containing compounds which provide a sulphur derivative of carbonic acid.

Silicates, preferably sodium silicate.

We have also found that certain substances will act in the same way as the caustic soda and also as thinners,'e. sodium phosphate, sodium perborate an sodium sulphite. These salts are all related in that they are combinations of the strong base sodium with a weak acid and there are a number of other salts that fall in the same category and which have a similar effect, so need not be listed in detail. I

As examples we may cite the following typical formulae parts water; add13iparts of 18 per cent caustic soda solution and mix; 5 parts carbon bisulfide are then added and stirred weIl;to

' this 3 parts calcium hydrate are added and stirred in; then 15 parts water glass (sodium silicate) are stirred in; final1y, add 1 part copper. sulfate to 5 parts of water and stir in. This makes the finished glue, which is then spread on panels, for example, put under pressure in convenient stacks or presses for several hours, whereupon the pressure maybe released.

(2) Mix 30 parts soyajbean flour, 1 part alum, parts water; add 13; parts 18 per cent caustic soda solution and 4 parts calcium hfilrate in 20 parts water.

(3) ix'30 parts low grade wheat flour, 10 parts Portland cement, 30 parts water, 30 parts 18 per cent caustic soda solution; warm to degrees cent; add 15 parts water glass.

(1) Mix 30 parts soya bean flour with 120 The particular order in which the several ingredients are mixed together in the formulae just given may be varied, and it is not necessary that the manufacture ofthe ad- 'hesive be completed in a single continuous operation, but as a matter of practice we have foundit desirable in certain cases to mix only certain of the ingredients initially and then add the others just beforethe glue is required for use.

It will also be understood, of course, that the foregoing formulae are typical and that I many variations are actually made therein in the compounding of our improved lue.

This applicationis a division 0 ourapplication, Serial No. 671,381, filed-Oct. 29, 1923.

Other modes of applying the principle of equivalent of such stated ingredients orsteps be employed.

We therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as our invention 1. In a laminated construction unit, wood in layer form bound resistively against water separation by a water-withstanding composition including the reactiom products of leguminous seed flour, caustic soda and lime.

2. In a laminated construction unit, wood in layer form bound resistively against water separation by a water-withstanding, composition including the reaction products of ground soya bean cake, caustic soda and lime.

8. In a laminated construction unit, wood in layer form bound resistively against water separation by'a water-withstanding composition including the reaction products of leguminous seed flour, caustic soda and a copper compound.

4. In a laminated construction unit, wood in layer form bound resistively against water separation by a water-withstanding composition including ground soya bean cake, caustic soda and a copper compound. I,

5. In a laminated construction unit, wood in layer form bound resistively against water separation by a water-withstanding composi-' tion including the reaction products of leguminous seed flour, caustic soda, lime and copper sulphate.

6'. In a laminated construction unit, wood in layer form bound resistively a ainst water separation by a water-withstan 'ng composition includmg ground soya bean cake, causper sulphate and sodium silicate.

8 In a laminated construction unit, wood in layer form bound resistively against water separation by a-water-withstanding composition including the reaction. products of.

ground soya bean cake, caustic soda, lime, copper sulphate and sodium silicate.

9. As an'article of manufacture, a veneer construction unit comprising a plurality of wood plies bound together by a waterproof adhesive including the reaction products of a vegetable protein, an alkaline medium, and

a sulphur-containing agent.

10. As an article of manufacture, a veneer construction unit comprising a plurality of wood pli'es bound-together by a waterproof adhesive including the reaction products of a vegetable protein, an alkaline medium, and carbon bisulphide.

. 11. In alaminated construction unit, a wooden ply bound by a waterproof adhesive including the reaction roducts of a legumlnous seed flour and car on bisulphide-.

12. In a laminated iconstruction unit, a

wooden ply boimd by a waterproof adhesive including the reaction products of soya bean flour and carbon bisulphide.-

13. In a laminated construction unit, a

wooden ply bound by a waterproof adhesive including the reaction products of soya bean protein with an alkali 'anda sulphur-containing compound.

14. As an article of manufacture, a veneer construction unit comprising a plurality of wood plies bound together b a waterproof adhesive including the reaction products of soya bean protein and a sulphur-containing agent.

15. As an article of manufacture, a veneer construction unit comprising a. plurality of wood plies bound together by a waterproof adhesive including the reaction. products .of

soya bean protein and carbon bisulphide.

16. As an article of manufacture, a. veneer construction unit comprising a plurality of 'copper sulphate.

wood plies bound together by an interposed adhesive including the reaction products of a vegetable protein-containing flour, caustic soda, carbon bisulphide, calcium hydrate, sodium silicate, and coppersul hate. 7 5

17. As an article of ma'nu acture, a veneer construction unit comprising a plurality of wood plies bound to ether by an interposed adhesive including t e reaction products'of soya bean flour, caustic soda, carbon bisulphide, calcium hydrate, sodium silicate, and

Signed by me, this 21st day of October,

IRVING F. LAUCKS. Signed by me, this 29th day of October,

GLENN DAVIDSON. 

